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Animals · Ages 3–9

How do butterflies grow?

Butterflies grow through four stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult. The caterpillar feeds and grows before its body changes inside the chrysalis.

Read or listen to the story

For little wonderers, ages 3–5

A caterpillar hatches from an egg and eats as it grows. Later it becomes a chrysalis. Its body changes, and an adult butterfly eventually comes out.

A little deeper, ages 6–9

This four-stage life cycle is called complete metamorphosis. A growing caterpillar sheds its outer skin several times. During the pupal stage, its body develops adult structures such as wings. A chrysalis is the butterfly's pupal stage; it is not simply a sleeping caterpillar in a blanket.

A Whylo Sample Story

Four pages for Flutter

Evafoundatinyeggonaleafduringagardenwalk.Thegardenershowedherhowtolookwithouttouching.‘Abutterfly'segg,’thegardenersaid.Evadrewitinhernotebookasasmalldot.Herfirstpagelookedalmostempty,butshegaveitalargetitle:‘TheBeginning.’

Onlatervisits,shewatchedcaterpillarseatingleavesonthesamekindofplant.Theirjawsworkedwhilethegardenswayedaroundthem.Evadrewacaterpillarwithaveryenthusiasticmouth.Thegardenerexplainedthatcaterpillarsneedfoodtogrowandshedtheirouterskinastheygetbigger.

Anotherdaythegardenerpointedoutachrysalis.Itdidn'tlookbusyfromtheoutside.Evanearlycalleditasleepingbag,butthegardenerexplainedthatthebodywaschanginginside.Wingsandotheradultpartsweredeveloping.Evaaddedanote:‘Quietoutside.Changinginside.’

Weeksofnotebookpageslater,Evawatchedanadultbutterflyvisitingaflower.Shecouldn'tknowwhetheritwastheonefromherfirstegg.Thatwasallright.Shehadlearnedthefourpartsofitsstory.Shedrewanegg,acaterpillar,achrysalis,andabutterflyinacircle.

Athomesheshowedthenotebooktoherlittlebrother.‘Whichisyourfavoritepage?’sheasked.Hechosethetinydotatthebeginning.Evasmiled.Anearlyemptypagecouldholdthestartofsomethingwonderful.

Eva watches an orange butterfly visiting a flower in the garden, with her notebook open.
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Eva found a tiny egg on a leaf during a garden walk. The gardener showed her how to look without touching. ‘A butterfly's egg,’ the gardener said. Eva drew it in her notebook as a small dot. Her first page looked almost empty, but she gave it a large title: ‘The Beginning.’

On later visits, she watched caterpillars eating leaves on the same kind of plant. Their jaws worked while the garden swayed around them. Eva drew a caterpillar with a very enthusiastic mouth. The gardener explained that caterpillars need food to grow and shed their outer skin as they get bigger.

Another day the gardener pointed out a chrysalis. It didn't look busy from the outside. Eva nearly called it a sleeping bag, but the gardener explained that the body was changing inside. Wings and other adult parts were developing. Eva added a note: ‘Quiet outside. Changing inside.’

Weeks of notebook pages later, Eva watched an adult butterfly visiting a flower. She couldn't know whether it was the one from her first egg. That was all right. She had learned the four parts of its story. She drew an egg, a caterpillar, a chrysalis, and a butterfly in a circle.

At home she showed the notebook to her little brother. ‘Which is your favorite page?’ she asked. He chose the tiny dot at the beginning. Eva smiled. A nearly empty page could hold the start of something wonderful.

What we learned

A butterfly has four life stages. The caterpillar and butterfly are different stages of the same kind of animal.

One more little discovery

Draw the four stages on separate pieces of paper. Put them in order, then explain the change between each pair. Observe wild insects without handling them or moving their host plants.

Talk about it together

How is a chrysalis different from a caterpillar simply going to sleep?

Our characters and adventures are fictional. Explore the science behind this question:

Smithsonian: Butterflies and Beyond

Keep wondering

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